Training session 12
Cepotil
Category :
  • Cepotil contains Cefpodoxime Proxetil
  • Cefpodoxime is a broad spectrum, third generation cephalosporin for oral use. It has a bactericidal action.
  • Cepotil is highly stable against beta lactamase producing microorganisms
Mechanism of action :
Cepotil is a betalactam antibiotic. It inhibits the cell wall synthesis of the bacteria, thus killing the bacteria in the process.
Detailed mechanism of action
Absorption :
Cefpodoxime Proxetil is absorbed from the intestines. Here, enzymes called as non specific esterases rapidly hydrolyse the drug to Cefpodoxime.
Presence of food increases the absorption from 40% - 50% to 50%-60%.
Advantage Cepotil - Cefpodoxime is widely distributed throughout the body. It diffuses into the following:
  1. Lung Parenchyma.
  2. Bronchial mucosa.
  3. Pleural fluid.
  4. Tonsils.
  5. Interstitial fluid.
Excretion :
Cefpodoxime is excreted unchanged in the urine. The average elimination half life is 2.4 hours
Microbiology :
Cefpodoxime is a bactericidal antibiotic. It is highly stable to most beta lactamase producing micro-organisms
Cefpodoxime is active against the following microorganisms
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Streptococcus pyogenes
  4. Haemophilus influenzae ( Beta lactamase and non beta lactamase producing strains)
  5. Haemophilus parainfluenzae ( Beta lactamase and non beta lactamase producing strains)
  6. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Indication and usage :
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections : Acute/ Chronic bacterial bronchitis, Community acquired bacterial pneumonia
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections : Acute streptococcal tonsillitis and Pharyngitis, bacterial sinusitis
Contraindications:
Known allergy to Cephalosporins.
Warnings :
In an individual who is allergic to beta lactam antibiotics, the probability of allergy manifestation to Cefpodoxime cannot be ruled out.
Subsequent to the administration of Cefpodoxime, patients who present with diarrhoea should be considered for diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis.
Precautions :
Impaired renal function - reduce dosage
Super infection - prolonged use of Cefpodoxime may result in the overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. This may lead to superinfection.
Dizziness may occur. Care must be taken when driving or operating machinery
Pregnancy and Lactation - The safety of cefpodoxime in pregnancy and lactation has not been established
Adverse reactions :
Gastrointestinal - Diarrhoea. Pseudomembranous colitis
Hypersensitivity - anphylactic reactions such as angioedema and bronchospasm
Dermatologic - eruptions, rash, fungal skin infections, skin peeling.
Haemotologic - Rarely thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, eosinophilia
Miscellaneous - Menstrual irregularity, vaginal fungal infections, pruritus
Dosage:
ADULTS : 100 - 200mg B.I.D depending upon the severity of the infection.
Paediatrics :
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: 5mg/kg/ dose for 5-10 days. Maximum daily dose - 200mg/day
Acute Otitis media: 10mg/kg OD (max 400mg/dose) OR 5mg/kg bid (max 200mg/dose) for 10days. Maximum 400mg/day.
Product formulation :
Cepotil(cefpodoxime proxetil)-100/200 mg Tab
Benefits :
Patient friendly dosing schedules - OD or BD
Good activity against Streptococci - Hence valuable choice in Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis
Effective against a wide range of beta lactamase producing strains of pathogens
Competition :
Brand
Company
CEFOPROX
CIPLA
CEPODEM
RANBAXY
 
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