Training session 10
Orzid
Category :
  • ORZID contains Ceftazidime
  • Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum, third generation cephalosporin for parenteral use. It has a bactericidal action.
  • Ceftriaxone is stable against beta lactamase producing microorganisms.
  • Ceftazidime has good activity against gram negative pathogens, especially pseudomonas species.
Mechanism of action :
Ceftazidime is a betalactam antibiotic. It inhibits the cell wall synthesis of the bacteria, thus killing the bacteria in the process.
Detailed mechanism of action
Absorption :
Ceftazidime should not be administered orally. The drug should be administered by intravenous (IV) or intramuscular route (IM)
Distribution :
Ceftazidime is well distributed in tissues and fluid.
The concentrations achieved in these areas are much higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens:
Excretion :
The drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. 80 to 90% of the drug is recovered in the urine in 24 hours.
Microbiology :
Ceftazidime is a broad spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic. The drug exhibits activity against the following microorganisms.
Gram positive organisms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other species:
  1. Klebsiella species
  2. Proteus species
  3. Providencia species
  4. Escherichia coli
  5. Citrobacter species
  6. Serratia species
  7. Acinetobacter species
  8. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  9. Neisseria meningitidis
  10. Haemophilus influenzae
Gram positive organisms
Indication and usage :
Ceftazidime is effective in the management of infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ceftazidime is useful for the management of single as well as mixed infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.
  1. Septicaemia
  2. Neonatal sepsis
  3. Bacteraemia
  4. Infected burns
  5. Respiratory tract infections
  6. Ear nose throat infections
  7. Skin and soft tissue infections
  8. Gastrointestinal and abdominal infections
  9. Bone and joint infections
Contraindications:
Known allergy to Cephalosporins.
Warnings :
In an individual allergic to beta lactam antibiotics, the probability of allergy manifestation to Ceftazidime cannot be ruled out.
Subsequent to the administration of Ceftazidime, patients who present with diarrhoea should be considered for diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis.
Precautions :
  • Use with caution in patients with known allergy to penicillins and other cephalosporins.
  • Superinfection
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Pregnancy and Lactation - The usage of Ceftriaxone in Pregnancy has not been established. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk. Hence the drug should not be administered to nursing mothers unless the expected benefits outweigh the potential risks.
  • The half life of Ceftazidime is prolonged in patients with impaired renal function. In such cases, dosage adjustment is required.
Adverse reactions :
Hypersensitivity
Rash, pruritus, erythema multiforme, Stevens Johnson syndrome, epidermal necrolysis
Haemotological
Eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, leukopenia
Local
Phlebitis, pain at the site of IM injection
Gastrointestinal
Nausea, Diarrhoea, rarely pseudomembranous colitis
Hepatic Occasional
elevations of SGOT, SGPT, LDH, GGT and alkaline phosphatase
Genitourinary
Moniliasis and Vaginitis
Miscellaneous
Superficial desquamation
Dosage:
Adults:
1 to 6 grams per day in divided doses.
For most infections - 1 gram 8 hourly or 2grams 12 hourly.
For severe infections - 2grams 8 or 12 hourly.
In patients with impaired renal function, dosage adjustment is required.
Paediatrics :
25-100mg/kg/day to be administered as two or three divided doses ( up to a maximum of 6grams per day)
In neonates and infants up to 12 months : 25-100mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. The serum half life in can be 3-4 times greater than that measured in adults.
Product formulation :
Orzid(ceftazidime for injection) -1gm / 250mg
Benefits:
  1. orzid has good activity against pseudomonas species.
  2. orzid is highly stable against betalactamase producing microorganisms
  3. orzid has a synergistic action with aminoglycosides
Competition :
Brand
Company
Fortum
Glaxo Welcome
Zidime
Eli Lily
Tazid
Alkem
Zytaz
Zydus Cadila
 
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